ENVIRONMENT - A Prologue
While the environment has been studied for at least as long as there has been science, yet restoring the glory of environment was not taken up until recently by the developing countries.
According to environment science, the impact of human activities had led to such destructive issues such as climate change, water quality, groundwater contamination, soil contamination, sustainable development, air pollution, noise pollution and mismanagement of conservation, biodiversity and disaster reduction.
Biological diversity or Bio-diversity is of fundamental importance to the functioning of all natural and human-engineered ecosystems, and by extension to the ecosystem services that nature provides free of cost to human society. Living organisms play central roles in the cycles of major elements (carbon, nitrogen, and so on) and water in the environment and diversity specifically, is important in that these cycles require numerous interacting species.
General interest in biodiversity has grown rapidly in recent decades, in parallel with the growing concern about nature conservation as a result of the accelerating rates of natural habitat loss and degradation, and resulting in extinctions of species.
Environmental preservation is viewed as the strict setting aside of natural resources to prevent damage caused by contact with humans or by certain human activities such as logging, mining, hunting, and fishing.
Environmental pollution is a sub-category of environmental science that deals with the various types of pollution and their impacts. Generally there are four types of pollution, air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and soil pollution. But, there are some other types also, namely thermal pollution (caused by thermal power plants), industrial pollution etc. Environmental pollution deals with the sources of pollution, impact on human and other organisms including flora and fauna, their mitigative measures and proper management.
Scientific investigation started in early 1960s, had been driven by the need for a large multi-disciplined team to analyze complex environmental problems, the arrival of substantial environmental laws and growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
The Environmental Impact Assessment is defined as the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made.
According to ancient traditional study, 108 elements constituted the universe and upon which depended life on earth. Due to the impact of environmental changes, many vital elements were destroyed and exhausted from nature, thus creating a void in the health and safety of the new generations of human life. Unknown diseases erupted which posed great danger. Environmentalists and scientists created solutions more dangerous to overcome it.
|